What is the zone of proximal development



The Zone of Proximal Development is what your child can do with help.  For example, your child might be able to name only four animals on her own, but can name 15-20 if you're there to jog her memory by mimicking animal sounds and movements.   That leap from naming four animals to twenty animals is called the Zone of Proximal Development.

Working within the Zone of Proximal Development is the key to helping a child master a NEW skill.  Working below the zone can help enforce an old skill.  Working above the zone can stretch a child's understanding.  But, to truly master a skill you'll need to identify and work within the Zone of Proximal Development.


So how do I do that? 
Imagine you are teaching your child long division.

First, be present.
The Zone of Proximal Development is often paired with a term called 'scaffolding' which refers to creating temporary learning supports around a child. Social interaction is key in scaffolding. The teacher is present and works closely with the child to guide his learning. The high level of support slowly tapers off as the child masters the new skill.    [LearnNC.org].

Second, model what you want your child to do. 
For instance, show your child how to solve a couple long division problems, explaining each step as you go along.  Do this a couple times.

Third, slowly allow your child to take the lead.
Maybe have him tell you what the next step is.  Then give him the pencil and allow him to solve the problem while you remain by his side.  As confidence grows, you can fade away into the background and help only when he asks you.


 Giving credit where credit is due.
I first heard about the Zone of Proximal Development in a blog by Amanda Morgan at NotJustCute.com.  Her blog is a wonderful resource for parents looking to learn more about child development. I highly recommend it.

Photo credit
Homework by JessicaDawnDykstra

Resources for incorporating scaffolding:
Edutopia - Six strategies to create scaffolded lessons

Primary Research links:
NC archive:


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